Knowledge Production and Contradictory Functions in African Higher Education

Currently, Africa has more than half of the 20 fastest-growing economies in the world, which has contributed to what has been called the era of ‘Africa Rising’ or a ‘New Africa’. In order to further strengthen socio-economic development, African universities need to improve their ability to produce and apply knowledge in effective and relevant ways. In OECD countries there are several public and private sites for knowledge production, but in Africa the university is the only knowledge institution, and hardly any knowledge is produced outside of the university.

However, the performance of African universities in knowledge production has not been impressive. It has generally been acknowledged by agencies such as the African Observatory for Science, Technology and Innovation and the World Bank, as well as leading development scholars, that African universities are lagging behind the rest of the world in their knowledge production function. There has been only weak empirical evidence on the actual performance of universities, with virtually no cross-institutional and cross-country comparative research on the factors that are responsible for the poor performance of universities in knowledge production across the continent.

The crossroads African universities are facing consist of, on the one hand, a familiar path of relative decoupling between the university and its nation’s socio-economic development and, on the other hand, a path that requires far-reaching changes that could make it possible for the African university to connect much more productively to the main actors in emerging national (and in some cases regional) development and innovation networks. For the latter path to become accessible, these universities and their national authorities need research-rooted information.

Fred Hayward, South African Journal of Science
14/10/2017
“Overall this is an excellent publication, one that most people will want to read. It shows why the knowledge production functions were not developed historically in sub-Saharan Africa, and lays out what needs to be done to get them moving, with data based on evidence. It presents especially rich and very relevant material which I have found extremely useful, as will others. As someone who has done a great deal of quantitative analysis, including survey research, and has worked on the international collection of university data, I know how very difficult it is to collect accurate and useful data of this kind. The HERANA group and CHET are to be congratulated on the care and time they took in preparing this study, gathering and checking the data, and presenting it in this book. The study breaks new ground, is a major contribution to our understanding of higher education in sub-Saharan Africa and will significantly reward the reader’s attention.”

Jonathan Harle, INASP, Oxford
19/09/2017
[Its] commitment to painstaking data gathering (working to improve university data collection systems as the project proceeded) […] marks out both this collection and the eight years of work by the Higher Education Research and Advocacy Network in Africa (HERANA) that underpin it. […] The book’s examination of the different ways in which universities can and do play a developmental role is its particular strength. Read the full review as published in Africa

Kofi Annan during his address at the book launch during the African Higher Education Summit, held 10-12 March in Dakar, Senegal
12/03/2015
“We need more research in universities, more PhDs and, very important, research on higher education for change – actually I am promoting the improvement of data for the whole of Africa because policy making in Africa must become more data driven.”

Sir Peter Scott, former editor of Times Higher Education and Professor of Higher Education Studies, University College London, Institute of Education
02/03/2015
The dominant global discourse in higher education now focuses on ‘world-class’ universities – inevitably located predominantly in North America, Europe and, increasingly, East Asia. The rest of the world, including Africa, is left to play ‘catch-up’. But that discourse should focus rather on the tensions, even contradictions, between ‘excellence’ and ‘engagement’ with which all universities must grapple. Here the African experience has much to offer the high-participation and generously resourced systems of the so-called ‘developed’ world. This book offers a critical review of that experience, and so makes a major contribution to our understanding of higher education.”

Manuel Castells, Professor Emeritus, University of California at Berkeley, Laureate of the Holberg Prize 2012 and of the Balzan Prize 2013
02/03/2015
This volume brings together excellent scholarship and innovative policy discussion to demonstrate the essential role of higher education in the development of Africa and of the world at large. Based on deep knowledge of the university system in several African countries, this book will reshape the debate on development in the global information economy for years to come. It should be mandatory reading for academics, policy-makers and concerned citizens, in Africa and elsewhere.

List of tables, figures and appendix tables | Acronyms and abbreviations | Acknowledgements |

Foreword

1. Roles of Universities and the African Context  Nico Cloete and Peter Maassen
2. Research Universities in Africa: An empirical overview of eight flagship universities  Nico Cloete, Ian Bunting and Peter Maassen
3. Assessing the Performance of African Flagship Universities  Ian Bunting, Nico Cloete, Henri Li Kam Wah and Florence Nakayiwa-Mayega
4. Research Output and International Research Cooperation in African Flagship Universities  Robert Tijssen
5. South Africa as a PhD Hub in Africa?  Nico Cloete, Charles Sheppard and Tracy Bailey
6. Faculty Perceptions of the Factors that Influence Research Productivity  Gordon Musiige and Peter Maassen
7. Academic Incentives for Knowledge Production in Africa  Gerald Wangenge-Ouma, Agnes Lutomiah and Patrício Langa
8. Functions of Science Granting Councils in Sub-Saharan Africa  Johann Mouton, Jacques Gaillard and Milandré van Lill
9. Roles of National Councils and Commissions in African Higher Education Governance  Tracy Bailey
10. University Engagement as Interconnectedness: Indicators and insights  François van Schalkwyk
11. Student Engagement and Citizenship Competences in African Universities  Thierry M Luescher-Mamashela, Vincent Ssembatya, Edwina Brooks, Randall S Lange, Taabo Mugume and Samantha Richmond
12. Managing Contradictory Functions and Related Policy Issues  Nico Cloete, Peter Maassen, Ian Bunting, Tracy Bailey, Gerald Wangenge-Ouma and François van Schalkwyk

About the authors

List of contributors